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Original author(s) | Eric Blossom |
---|---|
Developer(s) | GNU Radio Community Project Lead: Ben Hilburn Maintainer: Marcus Müller |
Initial release | 2001; 19 years ago |
Stable release | 3.8.1.0[1] / April 9, 2020; 5 months ago[±] |
Repository | |
Written in | C++, Python |
Operating system | Cross-platform |
Available in | English |
Type | Radio |
License | GNU General Public License |
Website | www.gnuradio.org |
GNU Radio is a free software development toolkit that provides signal processing blocks to implement software-defined radios and signal-processing systems. It can be used with external RF hardware to create software-defined radios, or without hardware in a simulation-like environment. It is widely used in hobbyist, academic, and commercial environments to support both wireless communications research and real-world radio systems.
Overview[edit]
GNU Radio plotting demodulated radio samples.
The GNU Radio software provides the framework and tools to build and run software radio or just general signal-processing applications. The GNU Radio applications themselves are generally known as 'flowgraphs', which are a series of signal processing blocks connected together, thus describing a data flow.
As with all software-defined radio systems, reconfigurability is a key feature. Instead of using different radios designed for specific but disparate purposes, a single, general-purpose, radio can be used as the radio front-end, and the signal-processing software (here, GNU Radio), handles the processing specific to the radio application.
These flowgraphs can be written in either C++ or the Python programming language. The GNU Radio infrastructure is written entirely in C++, and many of the user tools are written in Python.
GNU Radio is a signal-processing package and part of the GNU Project. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), and most of the project code is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation[2]
History[edit]
First published in 2001, GNU Radio is an official GNU package. Philanthropist John Gilmore initiated GNU Radio with the funding of $320,000 (US) to Eric Blossom for code creation and project-management duties.
GNU Radio began as a fork of the Pspectra code that was developed by the SpectrumWare project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 2004, a complete rewrite of GNU Radio was completed, so today GNU Radio no longer has any original Pspectra code. Also of note is that the Pspectra codebase has been used as the foundation of the commercial Vanu Software Radio.
Matt Ettus joined the project as one of the first developers, and created the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) to provide a hardware platform for use with the GNU Radio software.
In September 2010, Eric Blossom stepped down as Project Lead and was replaced by Tom Rondeau.[3]
Early in the project, the core developers began holding semi-annual Hackfests. In 2011, the GNU Radio project began holding a yearly conference, called 'GRCon', which generally has a Hackfest on the last day of the conference.
In March 2016, Tom Rondeau stepped down and was replaced by Ben Hilburn as the Project Lead, and Johnathan Corgan, a long-time maintainer, as the Chief Architect.[4]
In January 2018, Johnathan Corgan retired from his role in GNU Radio and was replaced by Marcus Müller.[5] Sunlite suite 2 download mac.
Software[edit]
GNU Radio Companion[edit]
GNU Radio Companion, the GUI tool for GNU Radio Flow Graph design, used to work on a simulation
The GNU Radio Companion is a graphical UI used to develop GNU Radio applications.[6] This is the front-end to the GNU Radio libraries for signal processing. GRC was developed by Josh Blum during his studies at Johns Hopkins University (2006-2007), then distributed as free software for the October 2009 Hackfest. Starting with the 3.2.0 release, GRC was officially bundled with the GNU Radio software distribution.
GRC is effectively a Python code-generation tool. When a flowgraph is 'compiled' in GRC, it generates Python code that creates the desired GUI windows and widgets, and creates and connects the blocks in the flowgraph.
GRC currently supports GUI creation using the Qt toolkit.
Plotting and displays[edit]
GNU Radio provides many common plotting and data visualization data sinks, including FFT displays, symbol constellation diagrams, and scope displays. These are commonly used both for debugging radio applications and as the user-interface to a final application.
PyBOMBS[edit]
Many users create 'out-of-tree modules' for use with GNU Radio. To manage these, and the dependencies required to run GNU Radio, the organization created the PyBOMBS (Python Build Overlay Managed Bundle System) project.[7]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to GNU Radio. |
References[edit]
- ^Müller, Marcus (2020-04-09). 'GNU Radio v3.8.1.0' (Press release). GNU Radio Mailing List.
- ^''How is GNU Radio licensed?''. Archived from the original on 2016-12-04. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
- ^Mail on GNU Radio mailinglist where Eric Blossom introduces Tom Rondeau as the new project manager
- ^Mail on GNU Radio mailinglist announcing leadership transition
- ^Mail on the GNU Radio mailing list discussing the maintainer transition
- ^''GNU Radio Companion Wiki''. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
- ^''GNU Radio Wiki - PyBOMBS''. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
External links[edit]
Gnu Radio Companion Pdf
- GNU Radio in the Free Software Directory
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU_Radio&oldid=965930264'
- 1Installing GNU Radio on MacOS X / macOS
- 1.5From Source
- 1.8Typical Errors and Warnings
GNU Radio has been compiled and installed on OSX 10.4 ('Tiger') through 10.15 ('Catalina') running any compatible version of Xcode on all recent and many older Macs -- whether Intel or PowerPC/PPC. There is very little support for getting the background libraries and applications installed on OSX 10.5 or earlier, nor 32-bit Intel or any PPC, though all of these should be possible. Primary support is for 64-bit Intel-based Macs running OSX 10.6 or newer.
Prerequisite: X11.app, recommended via XQuartz[edit]
Running almost any GNU Radio graphical interface (GUI) will require downloading and installing X11/XQuartz first. Through OSX 10.8, Apple provided a means to install X11.app, but XQuartz has always been more up to date and hence is recommended for use. Staring in OSX 10.9, Apple no longer provided a full working version of X11.app. Hence, just use XQuartz from the get-go. Note that unless you experiment with using the Quartz interface to various graphical toolkits (e.g., GTK), you must use X11.app as the terminal interface for GNU Radio GUI applications including GRC, the GNU Radio Companion.
A note about DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH and other DYLD environment variables[edit]
On OSX, the library search path is set primarily by the environment variable
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
(and the few other DYLD_*
variables). Because of the way the OSX dynamic library loader works, this variable works differently than the LD_LIBRARY_PATH
on Linux. Eye-fi center mac download. Its primary purpose is in finding libraries in a local path, such as when testing software before installing it (we use it in make test
in GR), or inside an application. We strongly recommend against setting this variable globally as is typically done with Linux and LD_LIBRARY_PATH
. Setting any DYLD_*
environment variable for general use is highly discouraged, because doing so, in our experience, leads to problems down the road that are very difficult to diagnose. https://newkiller.weebly.com/download-citrix-receiver-mac-os.html. OSX provides robust means for correcting DYLD-based issues even after dependencies are installed.Via MacPorts (recommended)[edit]
If you do not already have MacPorts installed, you will need to install it first. Make sure to follow the MacPorts shell environment changes needed such that MacPorts installed executables are found before all others. These are the only changes to the shell environment needed to execute any MacPorts-installed executable!
Once MacPorts is installed, GNU Radio and all of its dependencies can be installed by executing
This method of installing GNU Radio is actively kept up to date by Michael Dickens, and hence is the recommended way to install GNU Radio on Mac OS X.
The latest developments in GNU Radio can be installed via
Please note that the
gnuradio-devel
port, while tested for basic compilation and functionality, is not a formal release and hence should be considered beta software which might contain bugs or major issues.Other Package Managers[edit]
Download free awk cheat widget for mac. Fink and HomeBrew might provide a simple way to install GNU Radio; they are untested (as of early 2020).
From Source[edit]
Background Dependencies[edit]
There are a number of background libraries and applications that must be installed from source or binary in order to compile or execute GNU Radio. These can be obtained by using MacPorts, Fink, HomeBrew, and/or from source / scratch. MacPorts tends to be more up-to-date with respect to new releases, which can be both a blessing and a curse since sometimes new released are untested and result in build or runtime errors. MacPorts, HomeBrew, and Fink offer thousands of ready-to-install libraries and applications, and hence they are highly recommended to use instead of installing from source / scratch.
NOTE: We highly recommended that you install all dependencies via the same package manager! When issues arise, they are much easier to track down, and your updating to newer versions is also much easier.
Many GNU Radio developers first install GNU Radio using MacPorts in order to get all of the necessary background dependencies installed, then remove just GNU Radio via
Compiling GNU Radio using Kate Temkins build script[edit]
Kate Temkin's GitHub repository gnuradio-for-mac-without-macports provides a build script that automate the entire process of building and installing GNUradio, it's dependencies, and a number of SDR hardware backends.
Compiling GNU Radio from Source[edit]
Free full download zoo tycoon. Installing GNU Radio from source follows the standard build guide, with changes to the
cmake
command such that it always finds the correct version of Python, uses the desired compiler, and finds Sphinx to build documentation.For example, using Xcode 5 or later's Apple GCC (llvm flavor), MacPorts installed into
/opt/local
(the default), and for Python 2.7 (as installed by MacPorts), issue the following commands from within the GNU Radio source directory:If
make
succeeds, then you can test the build for errors via Microsoft office 2008 mac os x mavericks.$ make test
To install the build, issue
$ sudo make install
Selecting another compiler is as simple as changing the CC and CXX pre-arguments to the
cmake
command. Note that all of the -DPYTHON*
defines must point to the same install of Python, otherwise runtime errors are likely to occur. GR_PYTHON_DIR
sets the location into which GNU Radio's Python and SWIG files are to be installed.![Radio Radio](/uploads/1/2/6/8/126860475/119504250.png)
By default, the location where cmake built projects will be installed is
/usr/local
. To change this location, add -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/new/location
to the cmake command line, substituting in the actual desired path for /path/to/new/location
. For example, to install into /opt/local
, use -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/local
. Although we do not generally recommend installing into the same location as some other package manager does, this technique can be useful for debugging purposes; just remember to sudo make uninstall
before installing via the owning package manager.A note about GR_PYTHON_DIR CMake setting and the PYTHONPATH environment variable[edit]
In the above
cmake
command, we use the flag GR_PYTHON_DIR
to tell GNU Radio where to install its Python scripts and related SWIG libraries. The path noted in that command will work for the MacPorts installed python2.7
command. All of the rest of the installed files will be under the /usr/local
prefix -- the default CMake setting for when -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
is not specified.If you either do not set the
GR_PYTHON_DIR
flag, or use some other location, you might need to tell Python where to find the installed files. This is done by setting the environment variable PYTHONPATH
to include this path. For example, if no GR_PYTHON_DIR
or CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
flag is specified on the cmake
command, then the default install directory will be /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
, and you'll want to set the PYTHONPATH
such as the folllwingexport PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH
This setting might be in the file
~/.profile
, ~/.bashrc
, or ~/.bash_profile
. https://newkiller.weebly.com/neo-geo-emulator-mac-download.html.When using a package manager such as MacPorts, for most users it is recommended to use the version of GNU Radio provided by the package manager, which will not require changing the
PYTHONPATH
since that package manager will automatically install the GNU Radio Python files where its Python will find them.Upgrading to a new version of OSX on the same computer[edit]
When you upgrade OSX, you'll generally need to reinstall GNU Radio (and, all of its dependencies). If you are using MacPorts, you can follow their migration guide to do the reinstallation. You can always just remove all of the old installed files and/or reinstall over them.
Typical Errors and Warnings[edit]
Library not found[edit]
If you are compiling an out of tree module from source, some of them do not set the INSTALL_NAME by default. Without a correct set INSTALL_NAME, the library's self-id will be incorrect and the SWIG library will fail to be able to find the module's primary library. The actual runtime error will look like
Running
otool -L
on the libraries returns just the dependent library name without path, e.g.,This issue has been fixed within GNU Radio and is in
modtool
, and has been propagated to many GR projects. The simple solution is to paste the following chunk of code into the module's top-level CMakeLists.txt file (just after GR_LIBRARY_DIR
is defined):Another solution is to change the installed main and SWIG libraries to have the correct settings. In the case above for gr-air-modes, one could do the following to fix the issue:
Warnings: GTK[edit]
When executing a GNU Radio GUI, including gnuradio-companion, GTK will produce the following warnings on OSX 10.8; they can safely be ignored:
Error: Unusable DISPLAY[edit]
When executing a GNU Radio GUI, including gnuradio-companion, from a terminal window (e.g., Terminal.app, iTerm2.app, X11.app) when not the primary user or when the DISPLAY environment variable is not correctly set, one typically sees the following, regardless of OSX version:
followed by a host of related failed assertions and errors.
If you are using Terminal.app, you'll need to switch to another terminal application such as XQuartz/X11.app or iTerm2.app .
If you are already using an application that correctly sets the
DISPLAY
environment variable, then you'll want to make sure you're logged in as the primary user (e.g., not as su
to another user). If all else fails, try quitting and restarting the application. Try rebooting your computer. When all else fails, contact Michael.Fatal error: 'unistd.h' file not found[edit]
Gnu Radio Companion Tutorial
If your install fails and you notice a line in the reported log file that says something like
Fatal error: 'unistd.h' file not found
, it's likely due to the path to the active developer tools not correctly setup. To fix, simply execute the following command:xcode-select --install
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A confirmation dialog box will pop-up and the tools will be installed. From here, re-kickstart the gnuradio installation and you should be good to go.
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Retrieved from 'https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=MacInstall&oldid=7090'